Psoriasis: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that affects the cell renewal cycle, resulting in accelerated growth of skin cells. This leads to the formation of thick, red, scaly patches on the skin. Psoriasis can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most common on the elbows, knees, scalp, hands, feet and lower back areas.

Psoriasis symptoms can range from mild to severe and include:

Red, raised spots on the skin, covered with silvery scales.
Itching or burning sensation in the affected area.
Dry, cracked skin that may bleed.
Thickening of fingernails and toenails, with discoloration or deformation.
Joint pain in some cases of psoriasis arthropathic psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.

Psoriasis treatment aims to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and slow the growth of skin cells. Some of the common treatments include:

Topical creams and ointments: Used to moisturize the skin, reduce itching and inflammation. May contain corticosteroids, synthetic vitamin D, vitamin A analogues (retinoids) or other active ingredients.
Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation and excessive cell growth.
Systemic medications: Prescribed for more severe cases of psoriasis, these may include oral or injectable medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, or biologic medications that target the immune response.
Specific treatments: Depending on the severity and location of the psoriasis, specific treatments such as steroid injections, application of salicylic acid to remove scales, or laser therapies may be recommended.

It is important to consult a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan for psoriasis, as each case can be different. The doctor will take into account the severity of the disease, the extent of the lesions and the individual response to treatment when determining the best therapeutic approach.